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THE WORLD ABOUT ...MACCHU PICCHU

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The Inca city of Machu Picchu is part of the historical sanctuary of Machu Picchu that covers 32.592 acres, embracing one of the most spectacular views in the world. Machu Picchu, site located in the province of Urubamba, department of Cusco.
There are 35 archeological groups working in the principal Inca city, Machu Picchu.

Machu Pichu was introduced to the modern world on June 24th, 1911. Found by the American scientist Hiram Bingham. Machu Picchu is the biggest, and most beautiful construction of our ancestors, the Incas. It is in the center that the existence of the mysteries hide in the walls stuck away in the stone; constructed to be a school of high learning thousands of years ago this sacred site remains today to be a major point of attraction to many world wide.

* MEANING OF THE WORD MACHU PICCHU quechua words that means "Machu"=old and "Picchu"=Mountain, climb (old climb or old mountain).
Â·       LOCATION The city is located to the north east of Cusco in the district of Machu Picchu, province of Urubamba, 112.5 Km, is the distance from Cusco from the federal line and it is located at 13Âº 07 south latitude and 72Âº 35 west longitude from the Greenwich meridian.

Â·        * ALTITUDE Machu Picchu is at 2350 above sea level. Bridge Machu Picchu (Aguas calientes) is at 2000 m.s.n.m. in the climb named Wayna Picchu registries 2700 above sea level.

* CLIMATE In the historical sanctuary of Machu Picchu the climate is gentle. At day the temperature is not fewer than 13 Celsius degrees , gives lots of vegetation.

* WAYS TO GO TO MACHUPICCHU

By train: You can get by train directly by the San Pedro station (Cusco) traveling to the Aguas Calientes station. Time of the trip is 3 to 4 hours (112 Km), then you have to take the buses to go to this most mystical, magical place.

INCA TRAIL: The Inca Trail to Machu Pichu is rated among the ten best trekking trails in the world because of its striking beauty, ancient Inca ruins and diverse contrast in climate/ecological zones. This route has very diverse terrains, from high desert plateau to tropical Andean rainforest. Following the ancient Inca trail, we will be walking past mysterious archaeological sites half-cloaked in jungle overgrowth that makes it look like you are discovering them for the first time. Finally, we arrive at the "Lost City" of the Incas, Machu Picchu, one of the world's most beautiful and important archaeological sites.
As we stroll through the many temples, altars, terraces, fountains and chambers, all displaying intricate stonework, we get a clearer picture of what the Inca world must have been like.

"ROCKY MOUNTAIN" COLORADO USA-THE DENVER POSTAL..ABOUT MACCHU PICCHU

FOR: By Ben Scott,

Special to The Denver Post :

........Slashing through Peruvian' jungle foliage and hiking up the steep Urubamba River canyon, an international group of archaeologists including two Colorado residents rediscovered an ancient Incan

ruin ,that could change theories about Incan culture and Machu Picchu. Colorado archaeologist Gary Ziegler and his colleagues believe the area may have been an outpost of Machu Picchu, the center of the Incan empire in the Andes mountains. Llactapata, or "high city," covers more than one square mile and sits on a ridge facing Machu Picchu

across the Urubamba River, 2 miles from the ancient city. It has a temple, an observatory and a collection

of buildings that are believed to have housed Incan workers. Ziegler said the discovery has made scholars rethink the function of Macehu Picchu. Archaeologists theorized the 8,000-foot-high fortress was a resort for Incan kings and the dead end of extensive Incan trails. Ziegler said Macchu Picchu could have instead been a multipurpose unit that served religious, administrative and commerce purposes. "Llactapata shows Macchu Picchu was a hub of a neighborhood of interconnected sites," Ziegler said. "There's certainly more to be found there." .Retired University of Colorado astrophysicist Kim Malville and Ziegler joined "15 other people in the search. As a blueprint, they used notes from Hiram Bingham, the Yale archaeologist who discovered Macchu Picchu in 1911. Bingham also found Llactapata but didn't think much of the discovery at the time and made few observations. Ziegler, who has traveled back

and forth to Peru for 30 years, found a few artifacts connected to Llactapata (pronounced "yak-at-PA-ta") in 1998 but didn't have time then to fully investigate. , The complex boasts a sun temple with a view of Macchu Picchu and an observatory that marks the Pleiades constellation and the .rising sun's alignment at the equinoxes and summer solstice, important dates in the Incan agricultural seasons. ,II"

The Incas ruled the Pacific Coast of South America and built a sophisticated system of roads and buildings that connected the empire. Spanish explorers annihilated the empire irtthe1l!1530s, using guns to defeat the Incan army. Ziegler said many Incas fled to safety in Llactapata during the Spanish invasion. Ziegler, who lives near Westcliffe in southern' Colorado, discovered another lost Inca settlement called Cota Coca ,last year with his colleague, British explorer Hugh Thomson. The group rediscovered Llactapata in early June, Ziegler said. .Ziegler finances his trips by giving guided tours in Colorado and Peru. He plans to revisit Llactapata next spring, but he's worried the ancient ruin won't be entirely intact. Llactapata is vulnerable to looters searching for silver and gold because the complex lies outside the Macchu Picchu Historical Sanctuary in an area Â¥here laws to preserve historical sites aren't strictly enforced. "Looting is a national pastime

there, "Ziegler said. '

I

The Denver Post I Rebecca C,,"

Colorado archaeologist Gary Ziegler

THANKS: MR. BILL CORN - DENVER-COLORADO-USA.

AND THANKS WAFFLE HOUSE-USA.

MACCHU PICCHU.....

This sacred ruin site is perhaps one of the most magical and mysterious places in the world. The Incas inhabited this area in the 1400s and was built inhabited and left within a century. It was thought to be a defensive post, a citadel for the city. Recently archeologists have found that Macchu Picchu was more of a religious center than a fortress. Many women's bones were found at a burial site which suggesting the prominence of virgin priestesses.
     Macchu Picchu was mysteriously abandoned by the Incas in the 1500s Nobody knows for sure why they left but many theories exist. One being that lightning hit the mountaintop and the Incas saw it as a bad omen from the Gods and left the site never to return.

     The architecture of Macchu Picchu is incredible. The Incas had unknown abilities of how they made their cities from rocks that sometimes weighed thousands of pounds and were brought from miles away. They also carved the rocks into perfectly formed squares and fitted them together to make their walls and structures. The rocks are so perfectly fitted that you can't even fit a razor blade in between them. It's incredible, when you think they did this more than five hundred years ago and had very unsophisticated tools, yet their work dumbfounds scientists and historians to this day.

abel47@msn.com

PERUVIAN HISTORY....MACCHU PICCHU....

Macchu Picchu was one of the only Inca Cities not conquered by the Spanish when they colonized Peru in the 1500s. Hiram Bingham founded Macchu Picchu in 1911 and first believed he had found the lost Inca Capital of Vilcabamba. He was mistaken but never lived long enough to know the truth. He died before scientists and archaeologists could prove what Macchu Picchu really was.
     Macchu Picchu is one of the greatest marvels of the world and is amazing to see in person. One cannot put into words the feelings that are felt while visiting this sacred place. It can only be felt in person and recommended highly which anyone who has visited it will tell you.

omabch@hotmail.com

" MACCHU PICCHU "

Macchu Picchu is a city located high in the Andes Mountains in modern Peru. It lies 43 miles northwest of Cuzco at the top of a ridge, hiding it from the Urabamba gorge below. The ridge is between a block of highland and the massive Huaynacc Picchu, around which the Urubamba River takes a sharp bend. The surrounding area is covered in dense bush, some of it covering Pre-Colombian cultivation terraces.

Macchu Picchu (which means "manly peak") was most likely a royal estate and religious retreat. It was built between 1460 and 1470 AD by Pachacuti Inka Yupanqui, an Inkan ruler. The city has an altitude of 8,000 feet, and is high above the Urubamba River canyon cloud forest, so it likely did not have any administrative, military or commercial use. After Pachacuti’s death, Macchu Picchu became the property of his allus, or kinship group, which was responsible for it’s maintenance, administration, and any new construction.

Machu Picchu is comprised of approximately 200 buildings, most being residences, although there are temples, storage structures and other public buildings. It has polygonal masonry, characteristic of the late Inca period.

About 1,200 people lived in and around Macchu Picchu, most of them women, children, and priests. The buildings are thought to have been planned and built under the supervision of professional Inca architects. Most of the structures are built of granite blocks cut with bronze or stone tools, and smoothed with sand. The blocks fit together perfectly without mortar, although none of the blocks are the same size and have many faces; some

have as many as 30 corners. The joints are so tight that even the thinnest of knife blades can't be forced between the stones. Another unique thing about Macchu Picchu is the integration of the architecture into the landscape. Existing stone formations were used in the construction of structures, sculptures are carved into the rock, water flows through cisterns and stone channels, and temples hang on steep precipices.

The houses had steep thatched roofs and trapezoidal doors; windows were unusual. Some of the houses were two stories tall; the second story was probably reached by ladder, which likely was made of rope since there weren’t many trees at Macchu Picchu’s altitude. The houses, in groups of up to ten gathered around a communal courtyard, or aligned on narrow terraces, were connected by narrow alleys. At the center were large open squares; livestock enclosures and terraces for growing maize stretched around the edge of the city.

The Incas planted crops such as potatoes and maize at Macchu Picchu. To get the highest yield possible, they used advanced terracing and irrigation methods to reduce erosion and increase the area available for cultivation. However, it probably did not produce a large enough surplus to export agricultural products to Cuzco, the Incan capital.

One of the most important things found at Macchu Picchu is the intihuatana, which is a column of stone rising from a block of stone the size of a grand piano. Intihuatana literally means ‘for tying the sun", although it is usually translated as "hitching post of the sun". As the winter solstice approached, when the sun seemed to disappear more each day, a priest would hold a ceremony to tie the sun to the stone to prevent the sun from disappearing altogether. The other intihuatanas were destroyed by the Spanish conquistadors, but because the Spanish never found Macchu Picchu, it remained intact. Mummies have also been found there; most of the mummies were women.

Few people outside the Inca’s closest retainers were actually aware of Macchu Picchu’s existence. Before the Spanish conquistadors arrived, the smallpox spread ahead of them. Fifty percent of the population had been killed by the disease by 1527. The government began to fail, part of the empire seceded and it fell into civil war. So by the time Pizarro, the Inca’s conquerer, arrived in Cuzco in 1532, Machu Picchu was already forgotten.

Macchu Picchu was rediscovered in 1911 by HIRAM BINGHAM, a professor from Yale. Bingham was searching for Vilcabamba, which was the undiscovered last stronghold of the Inkan empire. When he stumbled upon Macchu Picchu, he thought he had found it, although now most scholars believe that Machu Picchu is not Vilcabamba. Macchu Picchu was never completely forgotten, as a few people still lived in the area, where they were "free from undesirable visitors, officials looking for army ‘volunteers’ or collecting taxes", as they told Bingham.